Visualization of melanoma proteome


Study summary

90 FFPE samples of primary, lymph node and cutaneous metastasis tumors collected from 77 patients (38 men and 39 women) diagnosed with melanoma between 2005 and 2020 (with disease stage ranging between 1 and 4). The average age ± standard deviation (range) at diagnosis of primary was 64.3 ± 10.9 (31–91) years. The disease-free survival from primary to metastasis was 1.4 ± 2.3 (0–12.0) years and overall survival was 4.3 ± 3.7 (0–17.0) years. The dominant histotypes of primary tumors were Superficial Spreading Melanoma (SSM) with vertical growth and Nodular Melanoma (NM). The cohort included 36 patients with wild type BRAF status and 38 patients with V600E mutation in the BRAF gene (1 patient had D587G mutation). Patients were treatment-naive at the time of sample collection, but multiple have received treatment afterwards, including immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and other therapies (irradiation, chemotherapy, IFN therapy and electrochemotherapy). 18 patients did not receive any treatments.

 

Mass spectrometer

Q-Exactive HF-X (Orbitrap analyzer)

 

MS data acquisition and quantification

Data Acquisition method: Data Dependent Acquisition (DDA) - Top 20

Quantification method: Label-free

Software: Proteome Discoverer 2.4

Search engine: UniProt human database (2020/05/26) and two spectral libraries such as the Proteome tools HCD 28 PD and NIST Human Orbitrap HCD

Normalization: Sample median subtraction and centering around the global median








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Study summary

Lymph node metastasis samples collected from 111 patients (68 men and 43 women) diagnosed with metastatic melanoma between 1975 and 2011 (Stage 3 and 4). The average age ± standard deviation (range) at diagnosis of lymph node metastasis was 62.4 ± 13.7 (25–89) years. The time elapsed to progression from primary tumor to lymph node metastasis was 5.0 ± 5.6 (0–18.0) years and overall survival was 7.9 ± 6.8 (0.2–43.0) years. The dominant histotypes of primary tumors were Superficial Spreading Melanoma (SSN) and Nodular Melanoma (NM). The cohort included 59% of patients with wild type BRAF status and 36% of patients with V600E mutation in the BRAF gene (4% had V600A or V600K mutation).

Mass spectrometer

Q-Exactive Plus (Orbitrap analyzer)

MS data acquisition and quantification

Data Acquisition method: Data Dependent Acquisition (DDA) - Top 15

Quantification method: Label-free

Software: Proteome Discovery 2.1

Search engine: Sequest HT using UniProtKB human database (released May 2016) excluding isoforms.

Normalization: Sample median subtraction

 


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Study summary

Cohort of 137 patients diagnosed with metastatic melanoma between the years 1975 and 2011. The average age ± standard deviation (range) at diagnosis of metastases was 62.3 ± 13.7 (25–89) years, and the cohort had a preponderance of male individuals (65%). Among patients with available overall survival (OS) information, 50% survived less than 5 years.

The samples comprised fresh frozen metastatic tissues from lymph node (126), subcutaneous (7), cutaneous (1), and visceral (3), while for five samples the origin is unknown. These samples were collected before patient’s treatment. Mutational status:  50 tumors BRAF (V600E) mutated; 36 with NRAS Q61K/R mutation, and 37 tumors had wild type variants for both mutations.

Mass spectrometer

Q Exactive HF-X (Orbitrap analyzer)

MS data acquisition and quantification

Data Acquisition method: Data Dependent Acquisition (DDA) – Top 20

Quantification method: TMT  (11 plex)

Software: Proteome Discovery 2.3

Search engine: Sequest HT using UniProtKB human database (released 2018-10-01) with isoforms.

Normalization: Sample median subtraction

 






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Study summary

74 fresh-frozen samples of distant metastases collected after death from 22 patients (15 men and 7 women) diagnosed with melanoma. The metastases originated from various tissues such as lung (14), liver (11), adrenal (6), lien (6), and kidney (5). The average age ± standard deviation (range) at diagnosis of primary was 52.6 ± 14.5 (32–78) years. The number of metastases per patient ranged between 1 and 9. The overall survival was 4.3 ± 3.2 (0.7–11.4) years. The dominant histotypes of primary tumors were SSM and NM. The cohort included 7 patients with wild type BRAF status, 14 patients with BRAF V600E, 1 patient with BRAF K601E and 2 patients with BRAF V600K. Among patients with WT BRAF, 3 patients had NRAS mutation (1 Q61K and 2 Q61R). The majority of patients were treated before sample collection, which included treatment with IFN, chemotherapy, targeted therapy (vemurafenib). 3 patients did not receive any treatments and information is not available for 4 patients.

 

Mass spectrometer

Q-Exactive HF-X (Orbitrap analyzer)

 

MS data acquisition and quantification

Data Acquisition method: Data Independent Acquisition (DIA)

Quantification method: Label-free

Software:

Search engine:

Normalization: Sample median subtraction and centering around the global median

Manuscript is currently under preparation


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Study summary:

The Cuarto cohort of samples relates to a prospective study on melanoma, which involved obtaining a total of 77 surgically resected tissue samples from 47 melanoma patients. The samples were categorized based on their source, such as non-tumor (NT) samples (n=11), tumor microenvironment (TM) samples (n=6), primary tumor (PT) samples (n=16), local recurrences (LR) samples (n=7), cutaneous metastases (CM) samples (n=9), regional lymph node metastases (LN) samples (n=23), and distant metastases (DM) samples (n=5), originating from various parts of the body, such as the gallbladder, brain, liver, spleen, and breast. The patients included in the study had an average age of 65 years at diagnosis, and 27 of them were male, accounting for 57% of the total.

The samples were stored as fresh-frozen and prepared for quantitative proteomics using a method previously described [1,2]. Mass spectrometry data was obtained using Q-exactive HF-X, following a high-resolution DIA-MS approach. A customized spectral library was used to search for proteins in the samples, with the Spectronaut search engine. A total of 9040 proteins were confidently identified and quantified using a label-free approach. The data was normalized and standardized by log2 transformation and subtraction by the median.

This dataset provides a suitable basis for studying proteins involved in the development and progression of melanoma, as well as the tumor proliferation status, BRAF biology, and sample origin.

Mass spectrometer

Q-Exactive HF-X (Orbitrap)

MS data acquisition and quantification

Data Acquisition method: Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) – High resolution DIA-MS variable window

Quantification method: Label-free

Software: Spectronaut 11

Search engine: Spectronaut using customized spectral library

Normalization and standardization: Log2 transformation, subtraction by the median

 

References:

1.          Gil, J.; Ramírez-Torres, A.; Chiappe, D.; Luna-Penãloza, J.; Fernandez-Reyes, F.C.; Arcos-Encarnación, B.; Contreras, S.; Encarnación-Guevara, S. Lysine Acetylation Stoichiometry and Proteomics Analyses Reveal Pathways Regulated by Sirtuin 1 in Human Cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2017292, 18129–18144, doi:10.1074/jbc.M117.784546.

2.          Gil, J.; Kim, Y.; Szeitz, B.; Doma, V.; Çakır, U.; Almeida, N.P. de; Hagemeijer, Y.P.; Guryev, V.; Johansson, J.G.; Sharma, Y.; et al. Proteogenomics Reveals How Metastatic Melanoma Modulates the Immune System to Allow Immune Evasion. bioRxiv 2021, 2021.04.10.439245, doi:10.1101/2021.04.10.439245.


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This page presents a summary of all clinical variables and includes explanations for each abbreviation. 

 

SampleType: Can vary between cutaneous metastasis (CM), distant metastasis (DM),lymph node metastasis (LN),local recurrence (LR), non-tumor (NT), primary tumor (PT), tumor microenvironment (TM) 

Age: Refers to the age of the patient at the time of diagnosis 

Sex: Refers to the sex of the patient 

AJCC8_stage: Tumor stage based on American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging 

MelanomaSubType: Refers to the histological subtype of melanoma: superficial spreading melanoma (SSM), nodular melanoma (NM), and acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) 

Clark_level: The Clark Level is a classification system used to describe the depth of melanoma infiltration within the layers of the skin. Varies between L1 and L5 

BRAFstatus: BRAF mutation status 

Breslow_stage: Staging based on Breslow thickness 

Tumor_content: The percentage of tumor cells observed on the slide by the pathologist

PFS(months): Progression-free survival 

OS(months): Overall survival 

Breslow_thickness: The Breslow thickness measures the vertical thickness of a melanoma lesion. 

stage: Staging based on TNM classification 

NRAS: NRAS mutation status 

DistMetLocation: Distant metastasis location 

OS_DAYS: Overall survival in days 

cKIT: cKIT mutation status 

Origin: Origin of metastatic site in the Tercero study 

OS.months: Overall survival in months

Primary_localization: Localization of the primary tumor